Below is a schematic representation of microfibrillar structure found in polyester and polyamide fibers. The structure of the fiber consists of microfibrils aligned parallel to the axis and consisting of regions of molecules folded into well ordered crystallites.
How do polymers crystallize and does the crystallinity affect the properties of the fiber?
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Below are links that explain how the polymers used as fibers are produced:
Carbon
Cellulose
Glass
Kevlar and Nomex
Polyacrylonitrile
Polyamides
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene
Polyesters
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Polyurethanes